Part 1 of a series Connecting the Dots of Pipeline Infrastructure Taskforce (PITF)
Industry Shadows the PA Pipeline Infrastructure Taskforce (PITF) – Part 2
Industry Shadows the PA Pipeline Infrastructure Taskforce (PITF) – Part 3
Background
Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf invited interested parties to become part of the Pennsylvania Pipeline Infrastructure Taskforce (PITF) in May 2015. The purpose of PITF is to help state agencies, natural gas producers and communities to work together as more pipelines are headed for Pennsylvania[1].
Over the next 10 years, Pennsylvania expects over 25,000 miles of gathering lines connecting wells to processing and compressor stations, with an additional 4,000-5,000 miles of midstream and transmission lines.
In addition to PITF, Pennsylvania has two advisory boards dealing with the issue of oil & gas development. The original Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board was split into two boards. Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board (OGTAB)[2] is responsible for unconventional drilling (fracking), while the Conventional Oil and Gas Advisory Committee (COGAC)[3] address the more traditional practice of drilling.
The majority of voting members on the OGTAB and COGAC boards are from the Oil and Gas industry. Both have 9 members with 5 as voting members and 4 as non-voting members.
In comparison, PITF is an enormous taskforce with approximately 149 members which are divided into 12 workgroups. According to the PITF website:
The Task Force is made up of representatives from state agencies, the legislature, federal and local governments, the pipeline and natural gas industries and environmental groups, among others. The Secretary of the Department of Environmental Protection serves as Chairman.
Industry Shadows
At first glance, it is obvious PITF is heavily weighted with industry corporations. Most will focus on these corporations and dismiss the inclusion of Michael Butler, Mid-Atlantic Director for the Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) and Paul Hartman, Regional Director, State Affairs for America’s Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA) as simply being yet another industry interest.
CEA and ANGA in the taskforce may seem to be a minor concern; however between them they bring a great deal more industry interests, power, and influence to the taskforce.
In Part One of this series we examine the Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA)
Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA)
The Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) is of many front groups within the fossil fuel echo chamber. For an Echo Chamber to work properly there must be more than one chamber. These chambers may include multiple Public Relation firms, lobby organizations, industry groups and their campaigns.
Echo chamber is a colloquial term used to describe a group of media outlets that tend to parrot each other’s uncritical reports on the views of a single source, or that otherwise relies on unquestioning repetition of official sources.
Philip Morris & the Echo Chamber Technique: in 1998 John Scruggs, a Washington D.C. lobbyist for Philip Morris described the “echo chamber” approach to advocacy as constituting the repetition of a selected message by the most credible sources that surround a decision maker. “The more a particular view or piece of information ‘echoes’ or resonates through this group, the greater its impact.
Grassroots efforts are so effective in modern day advocacy programs because they cause many constituents to repeat the same message to the target Member. Grasstops or “Influentials” campaigns work because those highest on the hierarchy scale, with the greatest degree of credibility, repeat the same or similar messages. You will note that the echo chamber effect can work in two different ways.
First, the same message can reverberate among multiple sources toward the target Members. For example, the same information from polling data captured in a single poll can be repeated by the media, congressional colleagues, lobbyists and advertising.
Second, similar but complementary messages can be repeated by a single source. Either the repetition or “piling on” approach provide the same result: enhanced credibility and influence of the essential message,” he explained.[4]
The same Phillip Morris Technique is being used with many industry issues. Today the industry as has added layers of websites and social media to their echo chamber infrastructure. Many of these try to pose as “grassroots” or “consumers” to give the impression that the people are speaking.
The puppeteer behind CEA is HBW Resources.
The US Carbon standard issue is a good example of how the “echo chamber”[5]:
Despite their skills and experience, Mar and Whatley knew that defeating climate policy required allies. That’s why one of the first strategy proposals in Whatley’s January 25, 2010, campaign briefing to Mar was to team up with “affiliated energy coalitions and trade associations, thought leaders, elected officials, unions and key allies.” The goal was to enlist these players to “build opposition” towards low carbon fuel standards “in each of our target regions.” The campaign apparently needed “state-based and regional 3rd party advocates for Canadian oil sands” to give it legitimacy.
Who better to play that role than the “energy consumer groups” — the airlines, truckers, railroads, highway users, shippers — most dependent on oil? So item #1 on Whatley’s “Action Plan” was to develop “easy-to-read and user friendly informational briefs” for trade associations, unions and others. With the proper motivation, these groups could “generate op-eds and letters to the editor of regional and local newspapers,” reads the proposal. And they could also “write letters to governors and key elected officials.”
This supposed popular groundswell would then be legitimized further, it explained, by a select group of “thought leaders”, those public intellectuals with the ear of political power. Whatley’s proposal suggested engaging with seven prominent think tanks, two of which, the Cato Institute and the Heritage Foundation, received millions of dollars in funding from Koch Industries to question the science behind global warming.
To keep everything moving smooth, HBW Resources (aka the Consumer Energy Alliance) would perform its traditional functions: running anti-fuel standard ad campaigns, coordinating with such “key allies” as the American Petroleum Institute, lobbying policymakers and political leaders and generating as much media attention as possible. If everything went to plan, Whatley’s briefing concluded, “HBW Resources will be able to successfully draw critical local, state and regional attention to the adverse impacts of efforts to restrict imports of Canadian oil sands into the United States.” In other words, let the assault begin!
From an excerpt of a January 26, 2011 email from N. Joubert to K. Koehler and D. Holt of Consumer Energy Alliance[6]:
These bullet points are strategy updates prepared by the Consumer Energy Alliance and sent by oil industry lobbyist Michael Whatley to Albertan diplomat Gary Mar and others.
Note the bullet labeled “‘Echo Chamber’ Update & Discussion.” The fact that an oil industry-supported public relations group would explicitly make reference to creating an “Echo Chamber” is quite remarkable. This term is typically part of lexicon used by environmentalists to evoke shady fossil fuel conspiracies — as in, “such and such an oil company created an Echo Chamber to spread its propaganda across the blogosphere…”
In practical terms, the Consumer Energy Alliance’s “Echo Chamber” is a strategy where any message created by that group or its supporters would be “echoed” across many different blogs and websites, creating the impression of a large-scale movement. The Alliance appears to have also utilized this tactic to rally support for TransCanada’s controversial Keystone XL pipeline.
Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) and HBW Resources
Michael Whately is credited for creating the Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) and is the Executive Vice President[7], a founder of HBW Resources[8] and Executive Director for Southeast Energy Reliance[9]. 
Per HBW Resources[10]:
HBW Resources is an integrated strategic consulting and advocacy firm. Our multidisciplinary approach provides our clients with innovative thinking and hands-on seasoned experience. Our approach cuts through partisan views to represent national and international companies, trade associations, labor unions, non-for-profit organizations, Federal and State level departments and agencies, academia, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). With offices in Houston, Washington, D.C., Denver, Chicago, Lexington, KY and Calgary, HBW Resources has forged a solid reputation of working effectively at the cross- section of the public policy, regulatory, technical and political arenas to provide high value, strategic counsel needed to achieve results for our clients.
The two other HBW Resource Partners are David Holt and Andrew Browning. Holt is also President of CEA[11]. Browning is a Policy Advisor for CEA[12] and other CEA Staff work for HBW Resources[13].
HBW Resources Strategic Partnerships
HBW Resources has formed a number of “strategic partnerships” including Florida based Wexford Strategies, Northington Strategy Group, CSA Ocean Sciences, Heartland Strategy Group and Washington Matters LLC.
Wexford Strategies[14] is a government and public affairs firm led by experienced public sector executive Kevin Doyle, the former State Director for U.S. Senator Mel Martinez and current Board Member for CareerSource Florida, the state’s workforce development agency. With offices in Jacksonville and Tallahassee and a strategic partner’s office in the Tampa Bay region, the firm serves corporate and business clients, advocacy groups, trade associations and not-for-profit groups in providing business development, public policy advocacy, government relations, public relations, strategic communications, public affairs and issue management services.
Wexford Strategies and HBW Resources formed a partnership in 2014[15].
“The team at Wexford Strategies is excited about our new relationship with HBW Resources as we transition to become their Florida extension,” said Kevin Doyle, Managing Partner for Wexford Strategies. “We look forward to advocating on issues that are important to HBW clients throughout the Sunshine State while also giving our Florida-based clients access to an extensive national network with additional resources and offices throughout North America.”
Specific to “energy” issues, Wexford’s clients include Royal Dutch Shell and the Consumer Energy Alliance.
Northington Strategy Group (NSG)[16] is a public policy firm specializing in federal oil and gas, public lands, and natural resource regulatory issues. NSG claims to be “The preeminent federal oil and gas, public lands & natural resource regulatory firm in Washington, D.C.”
In 2013 HBW Resources and NSG formed an energy business development and consulting services alliance.
Per Press Release[17]:
The agreement brings together two of the nation’s most experienced consultants on federal energy and environmental policy. As part of their agreement, the two firms will work together to recruit, develop, and serve clients in the fields of energy exploration and development, natural resources and transportation, and environmental protection.
“John Northington will help our clients develop a strategy that will enable them to reach their business goals and operate within an increasingly complex federal regulatory environment,” said David Holt, managing partner of HBW Resources. “We are pleased that John and his firm have teamed up with HBW Resources and greatly look forward to working with him to serve clients across the energy and natural resource development sectors.”
Northington, who was a Clinton administration appointee at both the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of the Interior (DOI), said “companies need to pay close attention to regulatory actions and political currents, especially in the current environment of partisan brinksmanship.” He also stated his belief that the collaboration between the firms will “offer clients not only the knowledge that comes with regulatory experience, but also the refined political and legislative acumen required to succeed.”
Current and past clients of Northington Strategy Group include[18]:
CSA Ocean Sciences[19] specializes in multidisciplinary projects concerning potential environmental impacts of activities throughout the world and offers a wide variety of desktop and field survey services.
Per March 2015 Press Release[20]:
“By combining CSA Ocean Sciences offshore technical and environmental expertise with HBW’s energy, government and regulatory expertise, our partnership will offer the offshore industry an unprecedented ability to identify and mitigate risk and provide valuable service to our clients, said Al Hart, Executive Vice President of CSA. “Our PRIME + H20 and other service offerings will provide companies a safe harbor in the uncertain offshore environment we face today.”
CSA’s client list[21] includes American Petroleum Institute (API), BP Oil Company, Chevron U.S.A. Inc., ExxonMobil Corporation, Shell Offshore Inc. and a number of US Government departments and agencies.
CSA has two divisions:
- The Science Division provides expertise in biological, physical, geological, and chemical sciences.
- The Operations Division is a stand-alone entity that supports the Science Division and also provides turn-key services for coastal, nearshore, and offshore consulting requirements.
Heartland Strategy Group (HSG) [22] is a full-service consulting, issue management and advocacy firm founded in 2013 by public and private sector executives Tim Becker, Barry Rubin, and former U.S. Senator and Governor Ben Nelson.
HSG services include Grassroots and Coalition Building and Activation[23]:
Voices can be heard and goals can be achieved through the power of partnership and collaboration. To maximize a client’s chance of success, we pool our resources, knowledge and connections and identify the parties that hold a similar political agenda. By doing so, clients secure a unified power of more than one voice to better gain attention and support—thus, a stable network of like-minded individuals is built and launched.
Our grassroots and coalition solutions are developed to successfully connect key individuals and reach audiences, on a local, state or national level. It’s an approach that enhances the ability to reach the goals of each party involved, while forming a mutually beneficial, cohesive stance that enlightens and mobilizes. Often times, the alliances built aren’t short-lived; many result in long-term relationships that evolve into organic, ongoing partnerships.
Washington Matters LLC[24] operates as a consulting services firm and provides clients with various lobbying and government relations consulting services. Former US Representative “Jimmy” Hayes is Chief Executive Officer and President. Hayes was originally a member of the Democratic Party, in 1995 he switch to the Republican Party. Hayes retired from the House in 1997 after losing a run for the Senate and became a lobbyist.
Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA) Astroturf
To the general public, a Grassroots organization is made up of local people who volunteer their time to a specific cause or issue. A grassroots organization may have a few paid staff, but their job is to help the volunteers with their efforts. Grassroots are “people rich and funding poor”.
A grassroots group may work in conjunction with other grassroots groups where there are issues in common, but in general each group will work independently of each other. 
In contrast, Astroturf are organizations or campaigns that are primarily conceived, created and/or funded by corporations, industry trade associations, political interests or public relations firms. Astroturf organizations are “funding rich and people poor”.
Astroturf groups actively work together and may be managed by the same source(s) to echo the talking points and coordinate messaging. By multiplying their presence via groups, websites etc., astroturf groups project the impression of wide general public support or opposition to a particular issue.
Per SourceWatch[25]:
Campaigns & Elections magazine defines astroturf as a “grassroots program that involves the instant manufacturing of public support for a point of view in which either uninformed activists are recruited or means of deception are used to recruit them.” Journalist William Greider has coined his own term to describe corporate grassroots organizing. He calls it “democracy for hire.”
Senator Lloyd Bentsen, himself a long-time Washington and Wall Street insider, is credited with coining the term “astroturf lobbying” to describe the synthetic grassroots movements that now can be manufactured for a fee by companies like Beckel Cowan, Bivings Group, Bonner & Associates, Burson-Marsteller, Davies Communications, DCI Group, Direct Impact, Hill & Knowlton, Issue Dynamics Inc., National Grassroots & Communications, or Optima Direct.
HBW Resources astroturf begins with Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA). Per CEA “About” page[26]:
Consumer Energy Alliance is the voice of the energy consumer. We provide consumers with sound, unbiased information on U.S. and global energy issues. Our affiliates comprise a range of sectors from the energy industry, academia, small businesses, conservation groups to travel-related industries.
CEA has branched out to six regional chapters operating in 20 states and claims to be grassroots[27]. CEA Regional chapters are in Texas, Florida, Alaska, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and Southeast. Note CEA claims the chapters are “grassroots”.
None of these chapters have their own website or individual contact information. Each of the chapter pages are located within the CEA website and are virtually identical.
Two campaigns of CEA are Secure Our Fuels with a website redirect to Energy 4 US, and Energy Voices.
Secure Our Fuels (SOF)
The Secure Our Fuels was once its own website, the URL of secureourfuels.org now redirects to Energy 4 Us (energy4us.org). Secureourfuels.org is registered to Dittus Communications. Energy 4 Us is registered by proxy.
When SOF was active, contact information was directed to the Consumer Energy Alliance staff: Casey O’Shea, Michael Whatley and David Holt.
Casey O’Shea[28] is a managing director in the Strategic Communications segment at FTI Consulting, and is based in Washington, D.C. He also is part of the segment’s Public Affairs practice and Energy & Natural Resources industry practice.
Michael Whatley and David Holt are two of three HBW Resources Founders and Partners.
Energy 4 Us lists no one by name with regards to staff or contact, nor does it mention or otherwise redirect to CEA or Secure Our Fuels. To the casual viewer it appears to be an independent “grassroots” group.
Per “Who We Are”[29]:
Energy4US.org is a coalition of consumers, businesses and workers united in the belief that energy empowers us, allows us choices and improves our quality of life.
It’s not until one digs deeper into CEA and SOF that a confirmed connection is found[30].
Clicking on the Secure Our Fuels link as shown in the above graphic will redirect to the Energy 4 Us homepage.
Per Press Release[31]: (emphasis added)
Consumer Energy Alliance Launches ‘Secure Our Fuels’ Campaign to Combat National Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Proposals:
WASHINGTON, Aug. 31 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — Consumer Energy Alliance (CEA), a nonprofit, nonpartisan coalition comprised of 120 affiliates and more than 180,000 grassroots supporters today launched a multi-state campaign to educate American consumers on economic and national security impacts associated with a national Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). If enacted, national LCFS proposals pending in Congress would threaten American jobs, increase prices at the pump, and expand U.S. dependence on energy imports from unstable foreign regimes.
Note the claim of “more than 180,000 grassroots supporters”. It is unknown how CEA determined the grassroots number, however according to CEA’s 2014 Annual Report there are 157 Consumer-Business-Agriculture-Industry-Endusers, 6 Academic Groups, and 92 Energy Providers & Suppliers listed as “Affiliate Members”[32].
Energy 4 Us Coalition Member List[33]:
- Connecticut Association of Community Pharmacies
- Connecticut Energy Marketers Association
- Connecticut Food Association
- Motor Transport Association of Connecticut
- National Association of Neighborhoods
- National Black Chamber of Commerce
- Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council
- Recreational Fishing Alliance
- American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers
Energy Voices
Energy Voices is another campaign from Consumer Energy Resources and does state this on the About page[34]:
EnergyVoices.org is a project of Consumer Energy Alliance where you can learn about communities where unemployment is dropping and small businesses are growing because of shale energy. EnergyVoices.com features short web stories of people and communities affected by new discoveries of energy. Shale energy laying thousands of feet below the ground in Pennsylvania, Colorado, Ohio, and Texas is driving economic growth, while contributing to an increase in energy security, a reduction in carbon emissions and lower utility bills.
Energy Voices.org covers ‘real’ stories from people in Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Colorado and Louisiana and states:
Consumer Energy Alliance is working in several states telling the story of energy consumers.[35]
There is a link to Energy Voices on each of the “chapter” pages located on the CEA website.
Energy Voices website is registered to R.C. Hammond Public Affairs. The founder/owner of R.C. Hammond Public Affairs is R.C. Hammond who is also Vice President of Corporate Communications for HBW Resources[36].
For a campaign which touts “real” stories by “real” people there is no place on the website for “real’ people to contact them.
The “Action Kit” comprises of encouraging visitors to share on Facebook, Pin It and Tweet or to sign a petition.
Clicking on Sign the Petition redirects visitors to the Consumer Energy Alliance petition page[37].
There are currently 4 petitions available to sign:
- Take Action to Improve Energy Security and Lower Energy Prices in New York: Send a letter to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in support of Dominion’s New Market Project
- Tell Your Lawmaker to Bring Affordable Energy to the Southeast: Send Letters to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission – 653 Letters Sent
- Urge Your Lawmaker to Support Shale Energy: Shale energy will support 3 million jobs by 2020 – 430 Letters Sent
- Tell Your Lawmaker it’s Time to Build the Keystone XL Pipeline: Finish the Job and build the Keystone XL Pipeline – 30,459 Letters Sent
Revolving Door at HBW Resources
Two of HBW Resources founders have taken a trip through the Government to Private Sector Revolving Door.
Michael Whately[38]:
- Former Chief of Staff- Former Sen. Elizabeth Dole
- US Dept. of Energy – Former Principal Deputy Assistant Director
- Former Senate Counsel- Republican Conference
Andrew Browning[39] was a White House appointee to the U.S. Department of Energy during the Clinton administration.
Other HBW Staffers who have been through the revolving door include and not limited to[40]:
- Natasha Bui, Legislative Assistant
- Matthew Miller, Director of Government Affairs
- Michael Zehr, Vice President of Federal Affairs
Yet Another API Front Group
The American Petroleum Institute (API), is the largest trade association for the oil and gas industry and is a 501(c)(6). An organization designated as a 501 (c)(6) are not profit associations which help advance their industry or geographic area. Members may include individuals and corporations[41].
API is a powerful lobbying, spending an average of $6-7 million per year. It also funds groups such as Americas for Prosperity and the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)[42].
The API has become adept at spinning off front groups and cloning them to create the illusion of wide and diverse public support.
An example of the use of “clones” is API’s America’s Energy Forum. It states “America’s Energy Forum is a non-partisan community of concerned citizens committed to two goals – achieving energy security for our country, and holding our elected officials more accountable in shaping energy policies.[43]”
Note the use of the words “community of concerned citizens promotes the appearance grassroots activity at a national level. The Energy Forum also spreads out to 22 individual states[44] with nearly identical websites covering the same issues with the same talking points.
Other API front groups and websites include Energy Citizens; We are Energy Nation and Energy Tomorrow.
VETS4ENERGY
In the spirit of flag waving, API via America’s Energy Forum created yet another group of front groups were created in 2013 and goes by the name Vets4Energy[45]. Per API press release dated July 10, 2013[46]:
The Vets4Energy campaign is a non-partisan coalition of citizens committed to achieving energy security and holding elected officials accountable in shaping energy policies.
Vets4Energy began by primarily focusing on the Keystone XL Pipeline issue and acted as a Spokesgroup for API and TransCanada. Later Vets4Energy have increased activities to include all fossil fuel activities.
The Vets4Energy website footer states “Site sponsored by America’s Energy Forum ….“ and is identical to the legalese verbiage on all of America’s Energy Forum websites. As with America’s Energy Forum’s structure, Vets4Energy also has state front groups.
Non-Profit Grassroots
Vets4Energy is not listed as a non-profit by the IRS, meaning it’s not required to file public tax forms and thus difficult to follow the money.
Retired Rear Adm. Don Loren, Liason and Advisor for Vets4Energy, described his group as a grassroots organization of veterans who have volunteered to share their point of view that energy policy and national security are inexorably linked.
However, Loren also acknowledged that his group gets funding from the American Petroleum Institute, but said it represents an independent voice from veterans who believe in the issue[47].
CEA Shadow Looms Large
As shown, one representative from CEA brings more than just one industry interest. He also brings many industry interest along with their influence, power and money.
© 2015 by Dory Hippauf
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[1] Pennsylvania Pipeline Infrastructure Task Force | http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pipeline_infrastructure_task_force/22066/
[2] Oil and Gas Technical Advisory Board | http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/oil_and_gas_technical_advisory_board_%28TAB%29/18260
[3] Conventional Oil and Gas Advisory Committee | http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/conventional_oil_and_gas_advisory_committee/21984
[4] Echo Chamber | Sourcewatch | Center for Media and Democracy http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Echo_chamber#Philip_Morris_.26_the_Echo_Chamber_Technique
[5] Big Oil and Canada thwarted U.S. carbon standards – Emails show how a Washington lobbyist enlisted Canadian officials to beat back U.S. carbon standards | By Geoff Dembicki | Salon.com Dec 15, 2011 http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/big_oil_and_canada_thwarted_u_s_carbon_standards/
[6] Echo Chamber | By Geoff Dembicki | Salon.com Dec 15, 2011 http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/big_oil_and_canada_thwarted_u_s_carbon_standards/slide_show/5
[7] Michael Whatley | Townhall.com http://townhall.com/columnists/michaelwhatley/
[8] Michael Whatley | OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/rev_summary.php?id=71168
[9] Michael Whatley | OpenSecrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/rev_summary.php?id=71168
[10] HBW Resources | Who We Are http://hbwresources.com/
[11] David Holt | Managing Partner HBW Resources http://hbwresources.com/bios/david-holt-managing-partner/
[12] Andrew Browning | Consumer Energy Alliance Staff http://consumerenergyalliance.org/about-consumer-energy-alliance/staff/
[13] Consumer Energy Alliance Staff | http://consumerenergyalliance.org/about-consumer-energy-alliance/staff/
HBW Resources Staff | http://hbwresources.com/bios/
[14] Wexford Strategies |http://www.wexfordstrategies.com/
[15] HBW Resources Expands into Florida through Strategic Partnership with Wexford Strategies | http://www.wexfordstrategies.com/#!hbw-resources-and-wexford-strategies/cus5
[16] Northington Strategy Group | http://www.northingtonstrategygroup.com/
[17] Strategic Partnership for Energy Regulatory Affairs | by Michael Zehr | HBW Resources Jan 31, 2013 http://hbwresources.com/hbw-resources-announces-strategic-partnership-for-energy-regulatory-affairs/
[18] Clients | Northington Strategy Group | http://www.northingtonstrategygroup.com/clients/
[19] CSA Ocean Sciences | https://www.csaocean.com/
[20] HBW Resources and CSA Ocean Sciences Announce Global Strategic Partnership | CSA Ocean Sciences March 24, 2015 https://www.csaocean.com/press-releases/2015/03/hbw-resources-and-csa-ocean-sciences-announce-global-strategic-partnership
[21] Client List| CSA Ocean Sciences | https://www.csaocean.com/client-list
[22] Heartland Strategy Group | http://www.heartlandstrategy.com/about/
[23] Heartland Strategy Group | Grassroots/Coalition Building and Activation | http://www.heartlandstrategy.com/services/grassrootscoalition-building-and-activation/
[24] Washington Matters LLC | Bloomberg Business | http://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0369326D:US-washington-matters-llc
[25] Astroturf | SourceWatch | Center for media and Democracy http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Astroturf#Astroturf_in_the_Gas_Industry
[26] Consumer Energy Alliance | About| http://consumerenergyalliance.org/about-consumer-energy-alliance/
[27] Consumer Energy Alliance Regional Chapters | http://consumerenergyalliance.org/regional-chapters/
[28] Casey O’Shea | FTI Consulting | http://www.fticonsulting.com/global2/professionals/casey-oshea.aspx
[29] Energy 4 Us | Who We Are | http://energy4us.org/who-we-are/
[30] Energy 4 Us | Welcome to Secure Our Fuels | http://energy4us.org/first-blog-post/
[31] Consumer Energy Alliance Launches ‘Secure Our Fuels’ Campaign to Combat National Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Proposals | PR Newswire http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/consumer-energy-alliance-launches-secure-our-fuels-campaign-to-combat-national-low-carbon-fuel-standard-lcfs-proposals-62103567.html
[32] Consumer Energy Alliance 2014 Annual Report | http://issuu.com/consumerenergyalliance/docs/2014_cea_annual_report_final_highre
[33] Energy 4 Us | Who We Are | Coalition Members http://energy4us.org/who-we-are/
[34] EnergyVoices | About http://energyvoices.org/wp/about/
[35] EnergyVoices | Home http://energyvoices.org/wp/
[36] R.C. Hammond | HBW Resources | LittleSis http://littlesis.org/org/147517/HBW_Resources
[37] Petitions | Consumer Energy Alliance http://takeaction.consumerenergyalliance.org/
[38] Whatley, Michael D | OpenSecrets.org | http://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/rev_summary.php?id=71168
[39] Browning, Andrew |HBW Resources|http://hbwresources.com/bios/
[40] HBW Resources | OpenSecrets.org | Revolving Door | https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/search_result.php?priv=HBW+Resources
[41] What Is a 501 C (6) Organization? | Chron http://smallbusiness.chron.com/501-c-6-organization-60734.html
[42] American Petroleum Institute | Center for Media Democracy – SourceWatch | http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Petroleum_Institute#Oil_Sands_Fact_Check
[43] American’s Energy Forum | http://www.americasenergyforum.com/about-us/
[44] American’s Energy Forum | In the States http://www.americasenergyforum.com/in-the-states/
[45] API: Vets4Energy promote energy and national security on Capitol Hill | http://www.api.org/news-and-media/news/newsitems/2013/july-2013/api-vets4energy-promote-energy-and-national-security-on-capitol-hill
[46] API: Vets4Energy promote energy and national security on Capitol Hill | http://www.api.org/news-and-media/news/newsitems/2013/july-2013/api-vets4energy-promote-energy-and-national-security-on-capitol-hill
[47] Lee Terry, Keystone XL supporters again push for pipeline’s approval | By Joseph Morton, World-Herald Bureau | http://m.omaha.com/news/lee-terry-keystone-xl-supporters-again-push-for-pipeline-s/article_5448da4e-b8bf-53c2-9963-95f8faac9762.html?mode=jqm
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